Italian Indicative Mode
The indicative mode is the most used mode in Italian and as its name hints it is used to “indicate” who the subject is or what it does. It is composed by a number of tenses, more or less complex, which allow us to talk about the present, the past or the future.
Summary
- Modo Indicativo | (Indicative Mode)
- Presente | (Present Tense)
- Passato Prossimo | (Present Perfect Tense)
- Imperfetto | (Imperfect Tense)
- Futuro Semplice | (Simple Future Tense)
- Futuro Anteriore | (Future Perfect Tense)
- Trapassato Prossimo | (Past Perfect Tense)
- Passato Remoto | (Historic Past Tense)
- Trapassato Remoto | (Historic Past Perfect Tense)
Modo Indicativo | (Indicative Mode)
The indicative mode has eight tenses in total – a present tense (presente), three past tenses (imperfetto, passato prossimo, trapassato prossimo, passato remoto, and trapassato remoto), and two future tenses (futuro & futuro anteriore).
For Example: Parlare – (To speak)
| Presente | Passato Prossimo | Futuro | Futuro Anteriore |
| io parlo (I speak) | io ho parlato (I have spoken) | io parlerò (I will speak) | io avrò parlato (I will have spoken) |
| tu parli | tu hai parlato | tu parlerai | tu avrai parlato |
| lui/lei parla | lui/lei ha parlato | lui/lei parlerà | lui/lei avrà parlato |
| noi parliamo | noi abbiamo parlato | noi parleremo | noi avremo parlato |
| voi parlate | voi avete parlato | voi parlerete | voi avrete parlato |
| essi parlano | essi hanno parlato | essi parleranno | essi avranno parlato |
| Imperfetto | Trapassato Prossimo | Passato Remoto | Trapassato Remoto |
| io parlavo (I used to speak) | io avevo parlato (I had spoken) | io parlai (I spoke) | io ebbi parlato (I had spoken) |
| tu parlavi | tu avevi parlato | tu parlasti | tu avesti parlato |
| lui/lei parlava | lui/lei aveva parlato | lui/lei parlò | lui/lei ebbe parlato |
| noi parlavamo | noi avevamo parlato | noi parlammo | noi avemmo parlato |
| voi parlavate | voi avevate parlato | voi parlaste | voi aveste parlato |
| essi parlavano | essi avevano parlato | essi parlarono | essi ebbero parlato |
Presente | (Present Tense)
In Italian, verbs can be divided into three categories based on the ending of the infinitive present: -are, -ere, -ire.
- Verbs ending with –are – (mangiare -> to eat)
- Verbs ending with –ere – (leggere – to read)
- Verbs ending with -ire – (partire -> to sleep)
Since there are different categories of Italian verbs (-are, -ere, and -ire), the indicative present tense must use the corresponding ending based on which category the verb belongs to.
Presente indicativo – Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | ascolt-o (I listen) | legg-o (I read) | sent-o (I hear) |
| tu (you – singular) | ascolt-i | legg-i | sent-i |
| lui (he) | ascolt-a | legg-e | sent-e |
| lei (she) | ascolt-a | legg-e | sent-e |
| Lei (You – formal) | ascolt-a | legg-e | sent-e |
| noi (we) | ascolt-iamo | legg-iamo | sent-iamo |
| voi (you – plural) | ascolt-ate | legg-ete | sent-ite |
| loro (they) | ascolt-ano | legg-ono | sent-ono |
Irregular Verbs
Italian is a language that has many irregular verbs – that means that these verbs do not follow the above declination and behave differently. It would be impossible and impractical for us to list all of them, instead we are going to provide a list of the most common ones.
| -are | -ere | -ire |
| Andare (to go) | Bere (to drink) | Capire (to understand) |
| Dare (to give) | Conoscere (to know) | Dire (to say) |
| Dimenticare (to forget) | Dovere (to have to) | Finire (to finish) |
| Fare (to do) | Potere (to can) | Preferire (to prefer) |
| Mangiare (to eat) | Sapere (to know) | Salire (to rise) |
| Pagare (to pay) | Volere (to want) | Uscire (to exit) |
| Stare (to stay) | Venire (to come) |
Luckily, online there are many websites that automatically conjugate verbs for you, so you can look up how irregular verbs conjugate. A website we highly recommend is Sapere:Virgilio.
Passato Prossimo | (Present Perfect Tense)
The words passato prossimo in Italian literally mean recent past. This verb tense is mostly used to express an action that began and was completed in a recent past. This is a compound tense as it is formed by an auxiliary verb + past participle of a verb. If a verb is transitive, then it will require the auxiliary avere, while if the verb is intransitive or if the verb is reflexive, then it will require the auxiliary essere.
- Ieri ho incontrato Carlo – (I met Carlo yesterday or I have met Carlo yesterday)
Many Italian regions use the present perfect as the main tense for the past (in Southern Italy the passato remoto is more common instead).
Passato Prossimo con Verbi Transitivi | (Present Perfect with Transitive Verbs)
Verbs are usually considered transitive when they are followed by an object that completes their meaning.
- Ascolto la musica -> (I listen to music)
- I listen to what? -> to music
Transitive verbs use the present indicative avere (auxiliary) + past participle to form the passato prossimo.
Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | ho ascoltato (I have listened) | ho letto (I have read) | ho sentito (I have heard) |
| tu (you – singular) | hai ascoltato | hai letto | hai sentito |
| lui (he) | ha ascoltato | ha letto | ha sentito |
| lei (she) | ha ascoltato | ha letto | ha sentito |
| Lei (You – formal) | ha ascoltato | ha letto | ha sentito |
| noi (we) | abbiamo ascoltato | abbiamo letto | abbiamo sentito |
| voi (you – plural) | avete ascoltato | avete letto | avete sentito |
| loro (they) | hanno ascoltato | hanno letto | hanno sentito |
Passato Prossimo con Verbi Intransitivi | (Present Perfect with Intransitive Verbs)
Verbs that do not need an object to complete their meaning are called intransitive.
- Io arrivo – (I arrive)
To form the passato prossimo with intransitive verbs we use the present indicative essere (auxiliary) + past participle. Note that with essere the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the verb. As always, you should always check the dictionary if you are not sure whether a verb requires essere or avere.
Arrivare, Crescere, Uscire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Arriv-are (to arrive) | Cresc-ere (to grow) | Usc-ire (to exit) |
| io (I) | sono arrivato (I have arrived) | sono cresciuto (I have grown) | sono uscito (I have exited) |
| tu (you – singular) | sei arrivato/a | sei cresciuto/a | sei uscito/a |
| lui (he) | è arrivato | è cresciuto | è uscito |
| lei (she) | è arrivata | è cresciuta | è uscita |
| Lei (You – formal) | è arrivato/a | è cresciuto/a | è uscito/a |
| noi (we) | siamo arrivati/e | siamo cresciuti/e | siamo usciti/e |
| voi (you – plural) | siete arrivati/e | siete cresciuti/e | siete usciti/e |
| loro (they) | sono arrivati/e | sono cresciuti/e | sono usciti/e |
Other important things to remember:
- Some intransitive verbs are irregular and require the auxiliary avere:
- dormire – (to sleep)
- rispondere – (to answer)
- viaggiare – (to travel)
- vivere – (to live)
- Reflexive verbs require the auxiliary essere:
- alzarsi – (to get up)
- lavarsi – (to wash oneself)
- vestirsi – (to get dressed)
- The verb piacere requires the auxiliary essere:
- Mi è piaciuto molto – (I liked it a lot)
If you need help conjugating specific verbs or irregular verbs, then we highly recommend you check out Sapere:Virgilio.
Imperfetto | (Imperfect Tense)
The imperfect is normally used to express an action or a habit that was repeated on a regular basis in the past.
- Da ragazzo non mangiavo le verdure – (As a kid I didn’t use to eat vegetables)
- Quando abitavo a Torino… – (When I was living in Turin…)
Imperfetto – Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | ascolt-avo (I listen) | legg-evo (I read) | sent-ivo (I hear) |
| tu (you – singular) | ascolt-avi | legg-evi | sent-ivi |
| lui (he) | ascolt-ava | legg-eva | sent-iva |
| lei (she) | ascolt-ava | legg-eva | sent-iva |
| Lei (You – formal) | ascolt-ava | legg-eva | sent-iva |
| noi (we) | ascolt-avamo | legg-evamo | sent-ivamo |
| voi (you – plural) | ascolt-avate | legg-evate | sent-ivate |
| loro (they) | ascolt-avano | legg-evano | sent-ivano |
Irregular Verbs
Luckily, a lot of the usual irregular verbs behave regularly in the imperfetto. Some verbs that are irregular are:
- Bere – (to drink)
- Dire – (to say)
- Fare – (to do)
- Tradurre – (to translate)
If you are not sure about a verb, you can look up how it conjugates online. A website we highly recommend is Sapere:Virgilio.
Futuro Semplice | (Simple Future Tense)
The simple future can be used to express an action that will occur in the future, to express supposition, probability or approximation. It is important to note that in Italian it is also possible to express future actions by using the the present tense.
- Future action: Non lo dimenticherò mai – (I will never forget it)
- Supposition: Dove sarà Lorenzo? – (Where would Lorenzo be?)
- Probability: Penso che pioverà domani – (I think it will rain tomorrow)
- Approximation: Quante persone ci sono? Saranno 15 circa – (How many people are there? There’s approximately 15)
- Future action with present tense: Ci vediamo domani – (I will see you tomorrow)
Futuro Semplice – Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | ascolt-erò (I will listen) | legg-erò (I will read) | sent-irò (I will hear) |
| tu (you – singular) | ascolt-erai | legg-erai | sent-irai |
| lui (he) | ascolt-erà | legg-erà | sent-irà |
| lei (she) | ascolt-erà | legg-erà | sent-irà |
| Lei (You – formal) | ascolt-erà | legg-erà | sent-irà |
| noi (we) | ascolt-eremo | legg-eremo | sent-iremo |
| voi (you – plural) | ascolt-erete | legg-erete | sent-irete |
| loro (they) | ascolt-eranno | legg-eranno | sent-iranno |
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs in Italian are not irregular for all tenses, in fact some verbs can be irregular in the future tense but not in the present tense or viceversa. It would be impossible and impractical for us to list all of them, instead we are going to provide a list of the most common ones.
| -are | -ere | -ire |
| Andare (to go) | Avere (to have) | Dire (to say) |
| Cominciare (to start) | Bere (to drink) | Venire (to come) |
| Dare (to give) | Dovere (to have to) | |
| Dimenticare (to forget) | Essere (to be) | |
| Fare (to do) | Potere (to can) | |
| Mangiare (to eat) | Rimanere (to remain) | |
| Pagare (to pay) | Sapere (to know) | |
| Stare (to stay) | Tenere (to keep) | |
| Viaggiare (to travel) | Volere (to want) |
Luckily, online there are many websites that automatically conjugate verbs for you, so you can look up how irregular verbs conjugate. A website we highly recommend is Sapere:Virgilio.
Futuro Anteriore | (Future Perfect Tense)
The future perfect is normally used to when there are two actions that happen in the future where one happens after the other one. Another use is to express contradiction or disagreement in the past and lastly to express an hypothesis in the past.
- Two actions in future: Dopo che avrò fatto i compiti, potrò giocare – (After I will have done my homework, I’ll play)
- Contradiction/disagreement in the past: Ci sarà anche stato il sole, ma faceva comunque freddo – (It might have been sunny, but it was still cold)
- Hypothesis in the past: Chi ha rotto il vaso? Sarà stato il gatto? – (Who broke the case? Could it have been the cat?)
The future perfect, just like the passato prossimo, is a compound tense as it is formed by an auxiliary verb + past participle of a verb. If a verb is transitive, then it will require the auxiliary avere, while if the verb is intransitive or if the verb is reflexive, then it will require the auxiliary essere.
Future Anteriore con Verbi Transitivi | (Future Perfect with Transitive Verbs)
Verbs are usually considered transitive when they are followed by an object that completes their meaning.
- Ascolto la musica -> (I listen to music)
- I listen to what? -> to music
Transitive verbs use the future indicative avere (auxiliary) + past participle to form the futuro anteriore.
Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | avrò ascoltato (I will have listened) | avrò letto (I will have read) | avrò sentito (I will have heard) |
| tu (you – singular) | avrai ascoltato | avrai letto | avrai sentito |
| lui (he) | avrà ascoltato | avrà letto | avrà sentito |
| lei (she) | avrà ascoltato | avrà letto | avrà sentito |
| Lei (You – formal) | avrà ascoltato | avrà letto | avrà sentito |
| noi (we) | avremo ascoltato | avremo letto | avremo sentito |
| voi (you – plural) | avrete ascoltato | avrete letto | avrete sentito |
| loro (they) | avranno ascoltato | avranno letto | avranno sentito |
Futuro Anteriore con Verbi Intransitivi | (Future Perfect with Intransitive Verbs)
Verbs that do not need an object to complete their meaning are called intransitive.
- Io arrivo – (I arrive)
To form the futuro anteriore with intransitive verbs we use the future indicative essere (auxiliary) + past participle. Note that with essere the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the verb. As always, you should always check the dictionary if you are not sure whether a verb requires essere or avere.
Arrivare, Crescere, Uscire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Arriv-are (to arrive) | Cresc-ere (to grow) | Usc-ire (to exit) |
| io (I) | sarò arrivato (I will have arrived) | sarò cresciuto (I will have grown) | sarò uscito (I will have exited) |
| tu (you – singular) | sarai arrivato/a | sarai cresciuto/a | sarai uscito/a |
| lui (he) | sarà arrivato | sarà cresciuto | sarà uscito |
| lei (she) | sarà arrivata | sarà cresciuta | sarà uscita |
| Lei (You – formal) | sarà arrivato/a | sarà cresciuto/a | sarà uscito/a |
| noi (we) | saremo arrivati/e | saremo cresciuti/e | saremo usciti/e |
| voi (you – plural) | sarete arrivati/e | sarete cresciuti/e | sarete usciti/e |
| loro (they) | saranno arrivati/e | saranno cresciuti/e | saranno usciti/e |
Other important things to remember:
- Some intransitive verbs are irregular and require the auxiliary avere:
- dormire – (to sleep)
- rispondere – (to answer)
- viaggiare – (to travel)
- vivere – (to live)
- Reflexive verbs require the auxiliary essere:
- alzarsi – (to get up)
- lavarsi – (to wash oneself)
- vestirsi – (to get dressed)
- The verb piacere requires the auxiliary essere:
- Gli sarà piaciuto il regalo – (Will he have liked the gift?)
If you need help conjugating specific verbs or irregular verbs, then we highly recommend you check out Sapere:Virgilio.
Trapassato Prossimo | (Past Perfect Tense)
The past perfect is normally used to express the first of two actions that happened in the past . It can also be used to talk about something that has been done for the first time, but in a negative form or to talk about doing something, not for the first time, in an affirmative form.
- Two actions in the past: Ero in ritardo perché avevo perso il treno delle 8:00 – (I was late because I had missed the 8am train)
- Doing something for the first time [negative]: Non avevo mai mangiato un gelato così cremoso – (I had never eaten a gelato that creamy)
- Doing something not for the first time [positive]: Ero già stato a Napoli nel 2002 – (I had already been in Napoli in 2002)
The words trapassato prossimo is a compound tense as it is formed by an auxiliary verb + past participle of a verb. If a verb is transitive, then it will require the auxiliary avere, while if the verb is intransitive or if the verb is reflexive, then it will require the auxiliary essere.
Trapassato Prossimo con Verbi Transitivi | (Past Perfect with Transitive Verbs)
Verbs are usually considered transitive when they are followed by an object that completes their meaning.
- Ascolto la musica -> (I listen to music)
- I listen to what? -> to music
Transitive verbs use the imperfect avere (auxiliary) + past participle to form the trapassato prossimo.
Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | avevo ascoltato (I had listened) | avevo letto (I had read) | avevo sentito (I had heard) |
| tu (you – singular) | avevi ascoltato | avevi letto | avevi sentito |
| lui (he) | aveva ascoltato | aveva letto | aveva sentito |
| lei (she) | aveva ascoltato | aveva letto | aveva sentito |
| Lei (You – formal) | aveva ascoltato | aveva letto | aveva sentito |
| noi (we) | avevamo ascoltato | avevamo letto | avevamo sentito |
| voi (you – plural) | avevate ascoltato | avevate letto | avevate sentito |
| loro (they) | avevano ascoltato | avevano letto | avevano sentito |
Trapassato Prossimo con Verbi Intransitivi | (Past Perfect with Intransitive Verbs)
Verbs that do not need an object to complete their meaning are called intransitive.
- Io arrivo – (I arrive)
To form the trapassato prossimo with intransitive verbs we use the imperfect essere (auxiliary) + past participle. Note that with essere the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the verb. As always, you should always check the dictionary if you are not sure whether a verb requires essere or avere.
Arrivare, Crescere, Uscire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Arriv-are (to arrive) | Cresc-ere (to grow) | Usc-ire (to exit) |
| io (I) | ero arrivato (I had arrived) | ero cresciuto (I had grown) | ero uscito (I had exited) |
| tu (you – singular) | eri arrivato/a | eri cresciuto/a | eri uscito/a |
| lui (he) | era arrivato | era cresciuto | era uscito |
| lei (she) | era arrivata | era cresciuta | era uscita |
| Lei (You – formal) | era arrivato/a | era cresciuto/a | era uscito/a |
| noi (we) | eravamo arrivati/e | eravamo cresciuti/e | eravamo usciti/e |
| voi (you – plural) | eravate arrivati/e | eravate cresciuti/e | eravate usciti/e |
| loro (they) | erano arrivati/e | erano cresciuti/e | erano usciti/e |
Other important things to remember:
- Some intransitive verbs are irregular and require the auxiliary avere:
- dormire – (to sleep)
- rispondere – (to answer)
- viaggiare – (to travel)
- vivere – (to live)
- Reflexive verbs require the auxiliary essere:
- alzarsi – (to get up)
- lavarsi – (to wash oneself)
- vestirsi – (to get dressed)
- The verb piacere requires the auxiliary essere:
- Mi era piaciuto molto – (I had liked it a lot)
If you need help conjugating specific verbs or irregular verbs, then we highly recommend you check out Sapere:Virgilio.
Passato Remoto | (Historic Past Tense)
The historic past is not really a colloquial tense (except in some Southern regions), as it is predominantly used in the written form for historical or literary narrations. It expresses an action that was completed in the past and that has no longer any implications in the present.
- La Repubblica Italiana nacque il 17 marzo 1861 – (The Italian Republic was born on March 17th 1861)
Passato Remoto – Ascoltare, Ripetere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listened) | Ripet-ere (to repeat) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | ascolt-ai (I listened) | ripet-ei (I repeated) | sent-ii (I heard) |
| tu (you – singular) | ascolt-asti | ripet-esti | sent-isti |
| lui (he) | ascolt-ò | ripet-è | sent-ì |
| lei (she) | ascolt-ò | ripet-è | sent-ì |
| Lei (You – formal) | ascolt-ò | ripet-è | sent-ì |
| noi (we) | ascolt-ammo | ripet-emmo | sent-immo |
| voi (you – plural) | ascolt-aste | ripet-este | sent-iste |
| loro (they) | ascolt-arono | ripet-erono | sent-irono |
Irregular Verbs
There is a good amount of verbs that behave irregularly in the passato remoto, these may be different than irregular verbs in the present conjugation (or viceversa). Below is a list of the most common ones.
| Accendere (to turn on) | Avere (to have) | Bere (to drink) |
| Chiedere (to ask) | Chiudere (to close) | Conoscere (to know) |
| Correre (to run) | Dare (to give) | Decidere (to decide) |
| Dire (to say) | Essere (to be) | Fare (to do) |
| Leggere (to read) | Mettere (to put) | Nascere (to be born) |
| Perdere (to lose) | Piacere (to like) | Piangere (to cry) |
| Piovere (to rain) | Prendere (to take) | Ridere (to laugh) |
| Rimanere (to stay) | Rispondere (to answer) | Sapere (to know) |
| Scrivere (to write) | Sorridere (to smile) | Spegnere (to turn off) |
| Stare (to stay) | Tenere (to keep) | Vedere (to see) |
| Venire (to come) | Vincere (to win) | Vivere (to live) |
| Volere (to want) |
Luckily, online there are many websites that automatically conjugate verbs for you, so you can look up how irregular verbs conjugate. A website we highly recommend is Sapere:Virgilio.
Trapassato Remoto | (Historic Past Perfect Tense)
In sentences where two sequential actions take place in the past and the latter one is expressed with the historic past tense, the former one is described by the historic past perfect tense.
- Il cameriere, dopo che ebbe pulito il tavolo, ci fece sedere – (The waiter, after he had cleaned the table, he seated us)
The trapassato remoto is a compound tense as it is formed by an auxiliary verb + past participle of a verb. If a verb is transitive, then it will require the auxiliary avere, while if the verb is intransitive or if the verb is reflexive, then it will require the auxiliary essere.
Trapassato Remoto con Verbi Transitivi | (Historic Past Perfect with Transitive Verbs)
Verbs are usually considered transitive when they are followed by an object that completes their meaning.
- Ascolto la musica -> (I listen to music)
- I listen to what? -> to music
Transitive verbs use the historic past avere (auxiliary) + past participle to form the trapassato remoto.
Ascoltare, Leggere, Sentire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Ascolt-are (to listen) | Legg-ere (to read) | Sent-ire (to hear) |
| io (I) | ebbi ascoltato (I had listened) | ebbi letto (I had read) | ebbi sentito (I had heard) |
| tu (you – singular) | avesti ascoltato | avesti letto | avesti sentito |
| lui (he) | ebbe ascoltato | ebbe letto | ebbe sentito |
| lei (she) | ebbe ascoltato | ebbe letto | ebbe sentito |
| Lei (You – formal) | ebbe ascoltato | aveva letto | aveva sentito |
| noi (we) | avemmo ascoltato | avemmo letto | avemmo sentito |
| voi (you – plural) | aveste ascoltato | aveste letto | aveste sentito |
| loro (they) | ebbero ascoltato | ebbero letto | ebbero sentito |
Trapassato Remoto con Verbi Intransitivi | (Historic Past Perfect with Intransitive Verbs)
Verbs that do not need an object to complete their meaning are called intransitive.
- Io arrivo – (I arrive)
To form the trapassato remoto with intransitive verbs we use the historic past essere (auxiliary) + past participle. Note that with essere the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the verb. As always, you should always check the dictionary if you are not sure whether a verb requires essere or avere.
Arrivare, Crescere, Uscire
| -are | -ere | -ire | |
| Pronoun | Arriv-are (to arrive) | Cresc-ere (to grow) | Usc-ire (to exit) |
| io (I) | fui arrivato (I had arrived) | fui cresciuto (I had grown) | fui uscito (I had exited) |
| tu (you – singular) | fosti arrivato/a | fosti cresciuto/a | fosti uscito/a |
| lui (he) | fu arrivato | fu cresciuto | fu uscito |
| lei (she) | fu arrivata | fu cresciuta | fu uscita |
| Lei (You – formal) | fu arrivato/a | fu cresciuto/a | fu uscito/a |
| noi (we) | fummo arrivati/e | fummo cresciuti/e | fummo usciti/e |
| voi (you – plural) | foste arrivati/e | foste cresciuti/e | foste usciti/e |
| loro (they) | furono arrivati/e | furono cresciuti/e | furono usciti/e |
Other important things to remember:
- Some intransitive verbs are irregular and require the auxiliary avere:
- dormire – (to sleep)
- rispondere – (to answer)
- viaggiare – (to travel)
- vivere – (to live)
- Reflexive verbs require the auxiliary essere:
- alzarsi – (to get up)
- lavarsi – (to wash oneself)
- vestirsi – (to get dressed)
- The verb piacere requires the auxiliary essere.
If you need help conjugating specific verbs or irregular verbs, then we highly recommend you check out Sapere:Virgilio.
Italian Online Newsletter
Don’t want to miss an update? Sign up to our newsletter and we’ll keep you updated on what’s happening.
Note that due to the European GDPR laws, we are allowed to email you only if you give your consent by checking the two boxes below. Consult our privacy policy to understand how we protect your personal data. We we will never sell your data to any third party and we will never spam you.
Are you new to Italian Online?
If you are on your Italian learning journey and this is your first time here at Italian Online, why not discover all that we have to offer?
Your first Italian Short Story eBook is on us! 
“Il Gatto con gli Stivali” full eBook with Vocabulary and Notes included